Fig. 4
Time-course of batch SSF performed with B. coagulans MA-13 at a cell/biomass ratio of 0.005 gcells/gWIS. SSF experiments were carried out anaerobically in 3.6 L BioEtOH double-jacket flat-bottom vessels at 55 °C and pH 5.5. Pre-hydrolysis of the WIS fraction was carried out for 30 min by adding 10 FPU/gWIS of Cellic CTec 2 before inoculating cells from the seed cultures. The fermentation medium (10% WIS from pre-treated wheat-straw) was inoculated with seeds cultivated in hydrolysate-free medium (a) and in media containing 30% (b) and 40% (c) hydrolysate. Glucose consumption (blue circle), lactic acid production (green triangle) and total CFU (black circle) are reported