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Table 3 Effects of ancestral population covariates on phenotypic traits and their statistical significance (p, loglikelihood ratio test)

From: Genetic variation of biomass recalcitrance in a natural Salix viminalis (L.) population

Trait

p

Sweden (%)

W Europe (%)

E Europe (%)

Russia (%)

Combined release (g/g)

0.043

− 2

+ 7

− 3

+ 1

Glucose release (g/g)

0.038

− 2

+ 9

− 5

+ 3

Xylose release (g/g)

0.059

− 2

+ 5

− 2

− 1

Lignin S/G ratio

0.031

+ 2

0

− 1

− 5

Plant fresh weight (kg)

0.044

+ 12

− 10

− 3

+ 15

Main shoot weight (g)

0.023

− 7

+ 11

− 6

+ 46

Main shoot diameter (cm)

0.024

− 1

+ 5

− 4

+ 18

Number of shoots

0.002

+ 18

− 18

+ 3

− 48

Wood density (kg/m3)

0.006

− 1

− 1

+ 2

− 10

  1. The four detected population clusters originated roughly from Sweden, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and Russia