Table 2 Product formation by the S. cerevisiae Y294 strains after 192 h of fermentation at 30 °C in 2 × SC^−URA broth containing glucose (5 g l⁻¹) and raw corn starch (200 g l⁻¹), as carbon sources, as well as starch hydrolysing activities (U ml⁻¹) when strains were grown in 2 × SC^−URA broth for 72 h

Substrate (g l⁻¹)

 Raw starch

200

200

200

200

200

200

200

 Glucose equivalent

208.5

208.5

208.5

208.5

208.5

208.5

208.5

Products (g l⁻¹)

 Glucose

2.72

46.30

1.67

1.94

1.21

4.12

5.30

 Glycerol

4.76

6.64

2.40

3.43

2.45

2.26

2.46

 Maltose

1.09

1.03

1.07

1.14

0.95

1.17

1.02

 Acetic acid

1.91

1.66

0.60

0.85

0.61

0.56

0.61

 Ethanol

47.40

62.20

48.71

53.46

43.12

46.56

52.78

 CO ^a₂

45.33

59.50

46.59

51.13

41.25

44.53

50.48

Total

103.21

177.33

101.04

111.95

89.60

99.20

112.65

 Estimated carbon conversion (%)

50

85

49

54

43

48

54

 Ethanol yield^b (% of theoretical yield)

46

60

47

51

41

45

51

 Ethanol productivity^c

0.25

0.32

0.25

0.28

0.23

0.24

0.28

2% raw starch assays (U ml⁻¹)

 Total amylase activity^d

0.21

0.47

0.16

0.21

0.30

0.13

0.09

 Released glucose^e

0.11

0.25

0.06

0.10

0.08

0.03

0.03

 Released glucose equivalents^f

0.16

0.43

0.19

0.35

0.32

0.05

0.05

0.2% soluble starch assays (U ml⁻¹)

 Total amylase activity^d

3.30

3.69

2.27

1.90

3.44

2.15

1.84

 Released glucose^e

0.69

1.00

0.16

0.32

0.13

0.01

0.02