Table 1 ABE fermentation with different pretreated cassava

Initial starch (g/L)

0

54.4 ± 1.0

54.2 ± 0.9

0

Initial glucose (g/L)

60.6 ± 1.1

0

0

60.3 ± 1.1

Ultimate starch (g/L)

0

0

0

0

Ultimate glucose (g/L)

6.0 ± 1.2

4.9 ± 0.6

4.8 ± 0.9

6.3 ± 1.4

Butanol (g/L)

11.6 ± 0.4

11.4 ± 0.2

11.6 ± 0.3

11.7 ± 0.2

Acetone (g/L)

4.2 ± 0.2

4.2 ± 0.3

4.3 ± 0.1

4.9 ± 0.2

Ethanol (g/L)

1.7 ± 0.1

1.6 ± 0.2

1.6 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.1

Total solvents (g/L)

17.5 ± 0.8

17.2 ± 0.7

17.5 ± 0.3

18.3 ± 0.4

Total solvents yield (g/g)

0.35^b

0.34^b

0.35^b

0.33^a

Butanol yield (g/g)

0.23^d

0.23^d

0.23^d

0.22^c

Butanol productivity (g/L/h)

0.16

0.16

0.16

0.16

Total solvent productivity (g/L/h)

0.24

0.24

0.24

0.25