Fig. 2

Cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis pathways described in literature. a ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) cleaves citrate into its constituent components oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA at the expense of one ATP. b Pyruvate-Acetaldehyde-Acetate (PAA) pathway that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by action of PdcA, AldA and AcuA. This pathway is directly repressed at the transcriptional level by CreA. c Carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) system that consists of mitochondrial and peroxisomal carnitine acetyltransferase AcuJ or cytosolic FacC that catalyzes the reversible reaction of acetyl-CoA into acetylcarnitine. Acetylcarnitine in turn can be transported to and from the mitochondrion by carnitine acylcarnitine translocase (AcuH) or by a yet unknown translocase from the peroxisome