Polyphenolic compounds as electron shuttles for sustainable energy utilization

Table 1 Some compounds used as electron shuttles (ESs) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) or biological anaerobic decolorization (BD)

Redox mediators^a (ESs)	Applied condition^b	References
Phenazine	MFC	[7]
Phenazine	BD	[16]
Neutral red	BD	[16]
Phenazine ethosulphate	MFC	[20]
Safranine-O	MFC	[20]
Riboflavin	BD	[16]
Riboflavin	MFC	[17]
Phenoxazine
Brilliant cresyl blue(s)	MFC	[20]
Gallocyanine	MFC	[20]
Resorufin	MFC	[20]
Azure A	MFC and BD	[21]
Azure C	MFC and BD	[21]
Methylene blue	MFC	[20]
New methylene blue	MFC	[20]
N,N-dimethyl-disulphonated thionine	MFC	[20]
Phenothiazinone	MFC	[20]
Thionine	MFC	[20]
Thionine	MFC and BD	[21, 22]
Toluidine blue-O	MFC	[20]
Benzyl viologen	BD	[16]
Benzyl viologen	MFC	[20]
Methyl viologen	BD	[16]
Viologen	MFC	[7]
Malachite green	MFC	[22]
2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol	MFC	[20]
Cobalamine	MFC	[7]
Cobalamine	BD	[16]
Quinones series
1,2-Benzoquinone	MFC and BD	[23]
Dopamine	MFC	[17]
Epinephrine	MFC	[17]
1,4-Benzoquinone	BD	[16]
1,4-Benzoquinone	MFC	[24]
Naphthoquinone	MFC	[7]
	BD	[16]
	BD	[24]
	BD	[25]
Alizarin brilliant blue	MFC	[20]
Anthraquinone	MFC	[7]
	BD	[16]
	BD	[24]
	BD	[25]
2-Aminophenol	MFC and BD	[26]
1-Amino-2-naphthol	MFC and BD	[27]
4-Amino-1-naphthol	MFC and BD	[27]
Humic acid	MFC	[7]

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