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Table 2 Composition and characteristics of biocrudes after upgrading

From: Potential yields and emission reductions of biojet fuels produced via hydrotreatment of biocrudes produced through direct thermochemical liquefaction

 

Fast pyrolysis

Catalytic pyrolysis

HTL

Canmet

PNNL

Canmet

PNNL

Canmet

PNNL

Carbon (wt%)

84.1

87.09

85.8

88.27

85.77

88.67

Hydrogen (wt%)

13.2

12.84

13.4

10.77

13.85

11.61

Nitrogen (wt%)

b.d.

b.d.

b.d.

0.015

< 0.75

b.d.

Oxygen (wt%)

0.51

0.64

1.24

0.95

1.78

< 0.5

Sulfur (wt%)

0.13

b.d.

b.d.

b.d.

0.13

< 0.05

TAN (mg KOH/g)

0.32

b.d.

0.48

n.d.

1.35

b.d.

Density @ 15 °C (kg/m3)

828.6

845.6

838.7

857

838.7

899.9

Heat of combustion (net) (MJ/kg)

45.5a

42.366

45.21a

42.9

43.2a

42.131

  1. b.d. below detection, n.d. not determined
  2. aGross heat of combustion (higher heating value)
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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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