Table 4 How the characteristics of the various biojet fractions compare with ASTM D7566 specifications (listed in Table 1)

Composition

 Acidity, total mg KOH/g Max 0.10

0.064

0.11

0.101

0.012

0.100

0.014

 Aromatics, volume percent Max 25

17.7

18.6

19.3

30.4

14.1

20.9

 Sulfur, mercaptan, mass percent Max 0.003

0.0019

< 0.0003

0.0003

0.0021

Nd

< 0.0003

 Sulfur, total mass percent Max 0.30

< 0.25

< 0.25

0.0518

< 0.25

Volatility

 Flash point,  °C Min 38

61

43

58.5

34.5

59.0

34.5

 Density at 15 °C, kg/m³ 775 to 840

818.9

843.4

827.8

852.6

829.0

853

Fluidity

 Freezing point,  °C Max − 47 Jet A-1I

− 57.6

− 46.7

− 58.3

< − 80

− 45

− 84

 Viscosity − 20 °C, mm²/s, Max 8.0

5.164

5.176

5.306

3.499

6.6

4.431

Combustion

 Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg Min 42.8

42.92

42.245

42.32

42.477

42.85

42.55

 One of the following requirements shall be met:

 (1) Smoke point, mm, or Min 25.0

 (2) Smoke point, mm, Min 18.0 and naphthalenes, volume, percent Max 3.0

21

18.3

20

14.3

19.7

17

0.51

2.17

1.51

0.36

1.07

0.44

Corrosion

 Copper strip, 2 h at 100 °C Max No. 1 (3 is off spec)

1b

1a

3a

3b

1a

3a

Contaminants

 Existent gum, mg/100 ml Max 7

15

28

65

< 1

41

3

 Nitrogen, mg/kg Max 2

270

9.7

< 0.15

81

 Water, mg/kg Max 75

138

440

159

66

79

74

 Sulfur, mg/kg Max 15

480

11

423

39.3

0.0518

 Oxygen wt%

0.3

1.08

1.18

< 0.01

2.42

0.13