Table 4 A selection of organosolv methods utilised for pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials

Hybrid Pennisetum

Water

Acetone

Ethanol

THFA

GVL

91.1

90.4

93.4

92.3

90.9

36.8

47.8

53.5

46.8

43.4

11.6

32.8

37.6

46.8

50.3

[97]

Coir (coconut fibre)

1,4-Butanediol/acidic IL

87.5–90

77–93

75–88

Combination of organosolv and ionic liquids

[112]

Eucalyptus

1. Bark

2. Wood

Ethanol

Oxalic acid

Water

1. Glucan content (solids): 75.6%

2. 50%

[113]

1. SCB

2. Tall fescue

3. Sugar beet

4. Eucalyptus

5. Beech

6. Japanese cedar

Butanol

81

80

65

80

81

79

87

87

85

80

72

12

Glucose yield (%) after EH:

1. 77

2. 74

3. 69

4. 65

5. 65

6. 1

[114]

Eucalyptus

Bark

Ethanol

74–93

15–70

25–52

[115]

Rice husks

Ethanol

88–90

86.8

77.5

[116]

Empty fruit bunch (palm tree)

Ethylene glycol (3% NaOH)

90.6

10–54

67.2

Starting material was decomposed fruit bunch

[117]

Corn stover

Methanol/NaOH

97.5

16.5

37.3

Enzyme hydrolysis:

Glucan: 97.2%

Xylan: 80.3%

[118]

Bamboo

Formic acid

98

22

83

[119]

SCB

Autohydrolysis + glycerol

80–90

55–68

48–84

[120]