Fig. 8

NAD(H/+) pool, NADH/NAD⁺ ratio, biomass, and maximum WV with gene overexpression and addition of NAD⁺ precursor. The data above the bar represents the maximum WV (mV) and the black line on the top of the figure compares the biomass. p values were calculated between ZM4 and other treatment groups to compare the difference of NAD(H/+) pool and NADH/NAD⁺ ratio (*p value < 0.05; **p value < 0.01)