Fig. 1

Modulated expression level of miR319 in switchgrass resulted in pleiotropic phenotype in transgenic plants. a Morphological characteristics of OE-miR319 (TGs) and MIM319 (Ms) transgenic plants. b Stem internodes and inflorescence of WT and transgenic plants. c Comparison of the diameter of the bottom internode of WT and transgenic plants. d Analysis of plant height. e Analysis of first internode diameter. f Analysis of tiller number. g Analysis of aboveground dry biomass. The data are shown as the mean ± SD of four biological repetitions (d, e had 20 technical repeats; N = 4, n = 20). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (P < 0.05)