Fig. 3

Fermentation results in 500-mL bioreactors with pH control using Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (HMT) and various mutant strains. Left panels (a, c, e and g): results for ∆R1, ∆R2, ∆R3, ∆R5, N1-4-dcas9-R4 as compared to the WT N1-4 (HMT). Right panels (b, d, f and h): results for ∆R1-R1, ∆R2-R2, ∆R3-R3, ∆R5-R5, N1-4-R4 as compared to N1-4 (pMTL82151). a, b Cell growth profiles; c, d butanol; e, f acetic acid; g, h butyric acid. The reported value is mean ± SD