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Fig. 1 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 1

From: Identification of enzymatic genes with the potential to reduce biomass recalcitrance through lignin manipulation in Arabidopsis

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the general lignin biosynthesis pathway. The predominant route for the biosynthesis of three main monolignols is shown by red arrows. Dashed arrows indicate multiple metabolic steps. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, p-coumarate: CoA ligase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; C3H, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; CSE, caffeoyl shikimate esterase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; HCALDH, hydroxycinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase. The substrates expected to be converted by couA, calB, or F6H1 are shown in orange

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Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

ISSN: 2731-3654

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