Fig. 5
Overall mass balance for the process of NaOH–ethanol pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The overall mass balance was investigated with 20 g of the each raw material (pith, rind or whole stem). The conditions of pretreatment were as follows: 1.63% NaOH, 70% ethanol, 66 °C, 3.18 h; 1.90% NaOH, 70% ethanol, 69.8 °C, 1.00 h, and 1.46% NaOH, 70% ethanol, 70 °C, 2.19 h for pith, rind and whole stem, respectively. The solid residues were enzymatically hydrolyzed with cellulose cocktail (15 FPU/g substrate Cellic® CTec2, 30 CBU/g substrate β-glucosidase and 15 BXU/g substrate xylanase)