Fig. 2
Multi-stress tolerance increased in E. coli harboring zmo0994. a Spot assay under a variety of stresses. E. coli cells grown to 0.5 of OD600 were tenfold serially diluted, and were spotted onto LB agar plates containing 0.1 mM IPTG under various stresses. Then, each plate was incubated at 37–48 °C for 16‒24 h. b Viability assay under a variety of stresses. E. coli cells grown to 0.5 of OD600 (approximately equivalent to 2.57 × 108 CFU/mL) were harvested, washed, and transferred into fresh LB broth containing 0.1 mM IPTG under various stresses. Then, aliquots were properly diluted and plated onto LB agar at 0, 12, and 24 h to determine CFU/mL. Finally, the viability of survived cells under various stresses was expressed as the percentage of initial CFU/mL after 12–24 h. The experimental data present means ± standard deviations from three independent experiments