Novel ethanol production using biomass preprocessing to increase ethanol yield and reduce overall costs

Table 4 Ethanol fermentation yields of solid fraction after EH and liquid fraction after pretreatment (with and without overliming), and total sugar loss after with overliming

		Ethanol fermentation yield¹ (Y _%T)
		Solid fraction after EH	Liquid fraction	Overlimed liquid fraction	Total sugar loss after overliming³ (%)
	Control²	84.6 ± 3.8	79.1 ± 1.6	77.7 ± 2.1	NA
Whole-tree chips (WTC)	Untreated	82.2 ± 2.7	1.9 ± 0.2	NA	NA
	Acidic	82.8 ± 0.6	53.2 ± 1.3	NA	NA
	Alkaline	82.3 ± 0.9	55.0 ± 0.2	NA	NA
	Neutral	83.4 ± 0.6	49.0 ± 0.4	NA	NA
Clean pulp chips (CPC)	Untreated	83.7 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 0.0	45.3 ± 0.5	29.5
	Acidic	82.5 ± 1.4	52.0 ± 3.2	53.3 ± 1.0	19.4
	Alkaline	81.8 ± 1.7	55.1 ± 1.5	64.6 ± 0.6	20.4
	Neutral	85.5 ± 2.4	55.6 ± 1.9	54.6 ± 1.3	19.2

Data represented as the mean values of duplicate analysis with standard deviation
NA = Not Applicable
¹ Ethanol fermentation yield is expressed as a percent of theoretical yield (Y _%T), according to Eq. 1
² The fermentation control contained reagent-grade sugars at similar concentrations to those in experimental samples
³ Accounting for glucose and xylose only (main sugars present in the liquid fraction after steam pretreatment)

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