Table 5 Ethanol–water separation performance of MMMs

PDMS/silicalite-1

 PDMS/PEI

Silicalite-1 (77 wt. %)

7

22

59

71

[19]

 PDMS

Silicalite (60 wt. %)

5

50

21

 ~ 105

[76]

 PDMS

Silicalite-1 (40 wt. %)

5

50

17.9

 ~ 60

[73]

 PDMS/alumina

Silicalite-1 (30 wt. %)

4

25

16.5

 ~ 125

[75]

 PDMS

Silicalite-1 (30 wt. %)

6

40

14.9

51

[84]

 PDMS/PTFE

Silicalite-1 (30 wt. %)

5

50

13

39

[132]

 PDMS/PES

Silicalite-1 (2 wt. %)

5

40

10.9

635

[126]

 PDMS

Silicalite-1 (30 wt. %)

6

35

 ~ 10

 ~ 70^a

[86]

 PDMS/PSF

Silicalite-1 (50 wt. %)

4.8

60

7.5

231

[262]

 PDMS (commercial MMM)

Silicalite-1 (50 wt. %)

6

35

 ~ 7.2

 ~ 55

[86]

 PDMS/PI

Silicalite-1 (15 wt. %)

3

41

4.8

170

[74]

PDMS/modified silicalite-1

 PDMS

VTES-modified silicalite-1 (67 wt. %)

5

50

34.3

176

[80]

 PDMS

Acid- and steam-treated silicalite-1 (50 wt. %)

4.4

50

29.3

120

[155]

 F-PBZ modified PDMS/PTFE

VTMS-modified silicalite-1 (30 wt. %)

5

50

28.7

207

[132]

 PDMS/PVDF

VTES-modified silicalite-1 (67 wt. %)

5

50

26.3

1940

[77]

 PDMS/PVDF

Dodecyltrichlorosilane-modified silicalite-1 (50 wt. %)

5

40

19.9

66.3

[81]

 PDMS

Silylated nano-sized silicalite-1 (40 wt. %)

6

35

16.4

 ~ 86

[125]

 PDMS/PSF

TMDS-modified silicalite-1 (50 wt. %)

5

60

14.7

400

[78]

PDMS/ZSM-5

 PDMS

ZSM-5 (60 wt. %)

5

50

 ~ 37

 ~ 380

[82]

 PDMS/PVDF

ZSM-5 (30 wt. %)

5

50

13.7

821

[263]

 PDMS/PVDF/polyester nonwoven fabric

ZSM-5 (20 wt. %)

5

40

10.4

 ~ 210

[257]

 PDMS

ZSM-5 (30 wt. %)

6

35

 ~ 6.3

 ~ 55^a

[86]

 PDMS

ZSM-5 (CBV 28,014) (60 wt. %)

5

50

39

66

[248]

 PDMS

ZSM-5 (CBV-28014) (50 wt. %)

5

50

37

195

[244]

 PDMS with a pure PDMS top coat/PVDF

ZSM-5 (CBV-28014) (65 wt. %)

5

50

18

 ~ 520

[44]

 PDMS/PI

ZSM-5 (CBV-3002) (30 wt. %)

3

41

5.5

151

[74]

PDMS/modified ZSM-5

 PDMS/PVDF

HF etched ZSM-5(30 wt. %)

5

50

16.7

134

[83]

 PDMS/PVDF/polyester nonwoven fabric

Dodecyltrichlorosilane-modified ZSM-5 (30 wt. %)

5

40

15.8

203

[257]

 PDMS/CA

APTS-modified ZSM-5 (20 wt. %)

10

40

14.1

348

[79]

 PDMS/ceramic

ZSM-5 first grafted with OTES and then coated with a thin PDMS layer (40 wt. %)

5

40

14

408

[260]

PDMS/other zeolites

 PDMS

Ultrastable zeolite type Y (50 wt. %)

–-

30

16.1

610 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹

[92]

 PDMS

Hollow spheres with silicalite-1 shell (30 wt. %)

6

40

15.3

72

[84]

 PDMS

Zeolite (TZP-9023) (30 wt. %)

10

25

12.5

332

[261]

 PDMS(commercial MMM)

Zeolite (–-)

1.5

66

11.1

120

[85]

 PDMS

ALPO-5 type zeolite (50 wt. %)

–-

30

5.2

200 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹

[92]

 PDMS

Zeolite Y (30 wt. %)

6

35

 ~ 4.5

 ~ 90^a

[86]

PDMS/MOFs

 PDMS/PVDF

ZIF-91 (20 wt. %)

5

55

15.8

846

[266]

 PDMS/PI

ZIF-67 (20 wt. %)

6

40

15.4

2780

[251]

 PDMS/PVDF

RHO-[Zn(eim)₂] (MAF-6) (15 wt. %)

5

40

14.9

1200

[250]

 PDMS/PVDF

ZIF-L (30 wt. %)

5

40

14.3

 ~ 570

[95]

 PDMS

ZIF-71 (40 wt. %)

2

60

12.5

55,470 barrer

[87]

 PDMS/PVDF

Submicrometer-sized ZIF-71 (40 wt. %)

5

50

10.1

 ~ 1070

[255]

 PDMS/PVDF

ZIF-71 (20 wt. %)

5

50

9.9

 ~ 900

[259]

 PDMS

ZIF-71-coated mesoporous silica core–shell sphere (20 wt. %)

6

40

13

1000

[96]

 PDMS/PSF

MIL-53 (40 wt. %)

5

70

11.1

5467

[21]

 PDMS

ZIF-8-coated mesoporous silica core–shell sphere (20 wt. %)

6

40

15

720

[96]

 PDMS

ZIF-8 (5 wt. %)

5

60

9.9

1229

[93]

PDMS/modified MOFs

 PDMS/PVDF

Dodecylamine-modified ZIF-90 (2.5 wt. %)

5

60

15.1

99.5

[252]

 PDMS/PSF

TMDS-modified MCM-41@ZIF-8 (5 wt. %)

5

60

9.5

1846

[267]

PDMS/other fillers

 PDMS/nonwoven fabric

Nanosilica (5 wt. %)

5

60

30.1

114

[264]

 PDMS/PSF

Fumed silica (5 wt. %)

5

60

12.5

807

[93]

 PDMS/PVDF

Fumed silica (20 wt. %)

4.8

60

 ~ 6.4

 ~ 1000

[268]

 PDMS (commercial MMM)

Silica (30 wt. %)

8

25

 ~ 9

85

[130]

 PDMS

POSS (5 wt. %)

10

50

17.7

536

[269]

 PDMS/PVDF

Octa[(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl]-POSS (7.5 wt. %)

10

40

16.4

253

[246]

 PDMS

PSS-2 (20 wt. %)

6

40

13

710

[270]

 PDMS/PA

PZSNT (10 wt. %)

10

40

10

476

[265]

 PDMS/PA

Carbon black (3 wt. %)

13.7

30

9

 ~ 178

[99]

 PDMS

CNT (10 wt. %)

8

60

8.2

129

[98]

 PDMS

[Cu^II₂(bza)₄(pyz)]_n (3 wt. %)

5

25

6.2

47

[89]

 PDMS/PVDF

PAF-11 (2 wt. %)

10

28

3.85

1480

[254]

Other polymers/fillers

 PTMSP/PVDF

Hexamethyldisilazane-treated silica (CabO-Sil TS 530) (25 wt. %)

5

50

18.3

9500

[55]

 PTMSP

Hexamethyldisilazane-treated silica (CabO-Sil TS 530) (50 wt. %)

10

50

15.3

400

[151]

 PTMSP

PAF-1 (10 wt. %)

10

40

12.7

247

[153]

 PTMSP

p-DCX (10 wt. %)

10

40

13.7

341

[153]

 PTMSP/PVDF

Silica (50 wt. %)

10

50

12

3500

[151]

 PEBA 2533

POSS (2 wt. %)

5

65

5.7

427

[103]

 PEBA/PAN

Silicalite (2 wt. %)

5

40

3.6

833

[247]

 Poly(styrene-co-butylacrylate) copolymer

Nano clay (Cloisite 15A) (2 wt. %)

5

30

26.4

340

[258]

 PMPS

ZIF-8 (9.1 wt. %)

1

80

 ~ 12

 ~ 6600 barrer

[97]

 PIM

Reduced octylamine-functionalized graphene oxide (0.1 wt. %)

5

65

5.1

885

[20]

 PVDF/PVDF (dual-layer hollow fiber)

Nanosilica (20 wt. %)

5

50

29

1100

[91]

 PA6

CNT (0.5 wt. %)

20

22

4.7

–-

[175]