Fig. 1.

1D ¹³C spectra of unlabeled cell walls of wild-type rice and mutants at room-temperature. a 1D ¹³C MultiCP spectra of wild-type sample (WT; black) and ctl1 ctl2 double mutant (orange) yielding quantitative detection of all molecules. Abbreviations of carbohydrate assignments are shown in Fig. 4, except for xylan acetyl group (Ac). The difference spectrum is obtained by subtraction of the two parent spectra after normalization by i4 peaks. The difference spectrum mainly contains xylan signals, revealing the higher hemicellulose content in ctl1 ctl2 mutant. The insert picture on the right top side is the representative photo of the two kinds of rice stems. b 1D ¹³C MultiCP spectra of ctl1 and ctl2 single mutants. The spectral pattern of ctl1 mutant is similar to that of the ctl1 ctl2 double mutant while ctl2 is closer to the WT sample