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Fig. 2 | Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fig. 2

From: Improved bioethanol productivity through gas flow rate-driven self-cycling fermentation

Fig. 2

Batch fermentation. Samples were taken at different intervals during fermentation to analyze biomass contents (a), as well as glucose and ethanol concentrations (b). The data reported are the average from analytical triplicates, with error bars representing standard deviations. The pH (a) and flow rate of the gas released during fermentation (c) were monitored in real-time, and the slope of the flow rate (d) was automatically calculated. A vertical line was added to all graphs at 23.6 h, corresponding to the sharp minimum in slope of gas flow rate (d). The gas flow rate was reported in cubic centimeter per minute (ccm) at 25 °C and 1 atm, and the slope of the gas flow rate was measured in cubic centimeter per minute per cycle time (ccm/h)

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