Table 2 Consumption and production of major chemicals and products during the willow harvesting, hot water extraction, fermentation and ethanol recovery
| Â | Unit | Previous land use | |
|---|---|---|---|
Cropland | Grassland | ||
Harvesting | |||
 Harvester fuel consumption (leaf-on) | L/Mg | 5.7 | 6.0 |
 Harvester fuel consumption (leaf-off) | L/Mg | 3.1 | 3.2 |
 Harvested biomass (leaf on) | 103 Mg/year | 315 | 315 |
 Harvested biomass (leaf off) | 103 Mg/year | 269 | 269 |
| Â | Â | Energy source | |
|---|---|---|---|
Biomass | Natural gas | ||
HWE Input | |||
 Wood chips | Mg/day | 700 | 700 |
 Sulfuric acid | Mg/day | 3.28 | 3.28 |
 Hydrochloric acid | Mg/day | 0.41 | 0.41 |
 Calcium hydroxide | Mg/day | 3.06 | 3.06 |
 Sodium hydroxide | Mg/day | 0.04 | 0.04 |
 Formic acid | Mg/day | 2.07 | 2.07 |
 Flocculant | Mg/day | 0.15 | 0.15 |
 Membrane (8 × 40″) | unit/year | 1527 | 1527 |
 Water | 103 Mg/day | 4.2 | 4.2 |
 Energy requirement (extraction) | GJ/day | 501 | 506 |
 Energy requirement (extract processing) | GJ/day | 750 | 758 |
HWE Output | |||
 HWE processed wood chips | Mg/day | 393a | 543a |
 Sugars | Mg/day | 97.4 | 97.4 |
 Acetic acid | Mg/day | 17.3 | 17.3 |
 Phenolic resins | Mg/day | 28.0 | 28.0 |
 Methanol | Mg/day | 5.04 | 5.04 |
 Furfural | Mg/day | 3.61 | 3.61 |
Fermentation and recovery Input | |||
 Energy requirement (fermentation) | GJ/day | 23.0 | 23.0 |
 Energy requirement (distillation) | GJ/day | 304 | 304 |
 Initial cell concentration (10% v) | g/g sugar | 0.044 | 0.044 |
Fermentation and recovery Output | |||
 Ethanol | Mg/day | 39.6 | 39.6 |
Waste treatment Output | |||
 Waste water | Mg/day | 1760 | 1760 |
 Ash | Mg/day | 1.86 | 0.00 |
Excess electricity | |||
 Electricity | GJ/day | 134 | 146 |