Fig. 5
From: Acetate as substrate for l-malic acid production with Aspergillus oryzae DSM 1863
Metabolic pathways in Aspergillus species involved in malic acid production. Bold lines represent the TCA cycle, dotted lines the reductive TCA and dashed lines the glyoxylate cycle. Enzymes are abbreviated as follows: ACN aconitase, ACS acetyl-CoA-synthetase, CS citrate synthase, FRD fumarate reductase, FUM fumarase, ICL isocitrate lyase, IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase, KDH α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, MDH malate dehydrogenase, MS malate synthetase, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, PYC pyruvate carboxylase, SCS succinyl-CoA synthetase, SDH succinate dehydrogenase