Fig. 2

Total number of CAZymes (except GTs) in the 40 selected yeasts and their grouping by function. a Total number of CAZymes in each selected species. b CAZyme families from the same species grouped by predicted function in polysaccharide degradation. Dark red and red-colored squares indicate high number (#) of CAZymes with predicted activity towards the listed polysaccharide. Please note that the heatmap is depicting the total number of CAZyme-encoding genes belonging to families known to degrade specific polysaccharides, and thus heat signatures from polysaccharides with very few CAZymes needed for depolymerization (e.g., β-glucan) may be skewed compared to more complex polysaccharides (such as xylan) requiring many CAZymes. Poly-specific enzyme families such as GH5 and GH3 may also show false positive activities as their members have shown activities on several different β-1,4-linked glycans, e.g., xylanase, mannanase, glucanase, glucosidase, galactanase [19]. GH5 enzymes were assigned to cellulose, mannan, xylan, and xyloglucan, while GH3 were assigned to β-glucan, cellulose, xylan and xyloglucan. CBM, carbohydrate-binding module; CE, carbohydrate esterase; GH, glycoside hydrolases; PL, polysaccharide lyase