Fig. 5

The formation of complexes of cellulase–PSS monitored by QCM-D E4 and MP-SPR in situ and in real-time and the fitting results. a The overtone data of frequency and energy dissipation changes during cellulase immobilization and complexes of cellulase–PSS formation monitored by QCM-D in situ and real-time; b thickness and c viscositic and shear moduli of cellulase and PSS films gradually deposited on the surface of the gold sensor, obtained by analyzing the QCM-D data; d SPR angle changes during cellulase immobilization and complexes formation of cellulase–PSS monitored by MP-SPR. The medium was acetate buffer (pH = 4.8, 0.05 M). The QCM and SPR chambers were thermostated at 25 ± 0.01 °C during the whole experiment