Fig. 3
Evaluation of the effect of acs overexpression and iclR deletion. a Specific acetate consumption rate of engineered E. coli strains and b their maximum naringenin production titer. c–e Fermentation profile of engineered E. coli over 48 h culture. 200 mg/L p-coumaric acid and 1 mM IPTG were added when culture broths reached an OD600 of 1.0. Flask cultures were performed in biological triplicates. Error bars indicate the standard deviations of biological triplicates. BN strain refers Escherichia coli BL21 Star™(DE3) with heterologous expression of essential enzymes for naringenin production; BNA BN strain with acs overexpression, BNI BN strain with iclR knockout, BNIA BN strain with both acs overexpression and iclR knockout, IPTG isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside