Fig. 3
Protein engineering to improve the β-farnesene synthase activity. A The amino acids in the catalytic active center were engineered to improve the catalytic activity. B The amino acids in the β-farnesene-release region were designed to enhance β-farnesene release. β-Farnesene moves from A to E in the product-release region. C β-Farnesene production after amino acid mutations in the catalytic active center. D β-Farnesene production after amino acid mutations in the β-farnesene-release region. E β-Farnesene production after a combination of the beneficial mutations. F In vitro activity of the mutant AanFSK197T/F180H. Data represent the mean ± SD of two or three biological replicates. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA (** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01)