Fig. 3

Effect of knockout of the budA gene on the cell growth and metabolite production by K. pneumoniae GEM167ΔadhE/pBR-1,2PDO. A glycerol consumption; B growth (OD_{600 nm}); C 1,2-PDO concentration; D lactic acid concentration; E acetic acid concentration; F 1,3-PDO concentration; G 2,3-BDO concentration; H ethanol concentration; I succinate concentration. Cultivation of different strains was in a 5-L jar fermenter (37 °C, 400 rpm, 0.5 vvm, pH 6 maintained using 28% v/v NH₄OH) for 48 h with glycerol as carbon source. Black circles, K. pneumoniae GEM167ΔadhE/pBR-1,2PDO strain; red triangles, K. pneumoniae GEM167ΔadhEΔbudA/pBR-1,2PDO strain