Fig. 1

Fuel performance characterization of olefinic ester blends provided A 10% bOS by volume improvements (in red) that correlate with increased ester unsaturation and branching. Arrows loosely follow structural increases in unsaturation or chain length. B RON (solid line) and OS (dashed line) of prenyl acetate, isoprenyl acetate, and isoamyl acetate at 10%, 20%, and 30% blending by volume. Synergistic RON blending and strong OS boosting were exhibited for both prenyl and isoprenyl acetate in a 4-component surrogate gasoline fuel and RD587 (research gasoline fuel), respectively