Fig. 1

Schematic representation of rewiring mitochondrial metabolism for 3-HP production. The native enzymes were shown in blue, whereas heterologous enzymes in orange. Acc1 acetyl-CoA carboxylase, MCR malonyl-CoA reductase, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, Hfa1 mitochondrial acetyl-CoA carboxylase, Acc1** acetyl-CoA carboxylase mutant, Cit1 mitochondrial citrate synthase, Aco1/2 aconitase, Idh1/2 mitochondrial NAD⁺-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, Idp1 mitochondrial NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, Mdh1 mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, Mae1 mitochondrial malic enzyme, EcMaeA* malic enzyme mutant from E. coli, Pos5 mitochondrial NADH kinase