Fig. 1

Materials composition and comparison of sugar release from steam-pretreated spruce, with or without an additional knife-milling step. A Materials composition expressed as percentage dry mass (w/w). B–D Release of B glucose, C xylose, and D mannose was measured after 48 h of hydrolysis. Please note that glucose can be released from both cellulose and galactoglucomannan. Data represent mean values ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments. Where error bars are not represented, they are below 0.5%