Table 2 Anaerobic bioreactor batch cultures of S. cerevisiae strains carrying different genetic modifications. Specific growth rates, electron recoveries and yields of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate on glucose and ratio between glycerol and biomass (x) formation were calculated from at least 6 sampling points in the exponential growth phase

Relevant genotype

GPD2

Δgpd2 pDAN1-prk 15 × cbbm

Δgpd2 pDAN1-prk 2 × cbbm

Δgpd2 pDAN1-prk-PEST 2 × cbbm

Δgpd2 pDAN1-prk-19aa 2 × cbbm

Δgpd2 pANB1-prk 2 × cbbm

Biomass/glucose (g_x/g)

0.091 ± 0.001

0.091 ± 0.001

0.095 ± 0.001

0.090 ± 0.001

0.094 ± 0.002

0.094 ± 0.001

µ_max (h⁻¹)

0.32 ± 0.01

0.29 ± 0.00

0.29 ± 0.01

0.25 ± 0.00

0.29 ± 0.00

0.29 ± 0.00

Ethanol/glucose (mol/mol)

1.473 ± 0.046

1.601 ± 0.001

1.626 ± 0.008

1.544 ± 0.001

1.602 ± 0.007

1.647 ± 0.011

Acetaldehyde/glucose (mol/mol)

0.003 ± 0.001

0.015 ± 0.000

0.007 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.000

0.003 ± 0.002

0.004 ± 0.001

Acetate/glucose (mol/mol)

0.027 ± 0.000

0.038 ± 0.001

0.034 ± 0.001

0.013 ± 0.001

0.019 ± 0.002

0.025 ± 0.002

Glycerol/glucose (mol/mol)

0.202 ± 0.004

0.033 ± 0.001

0.037 ± 0.002

0.153 ± 0.003

0.086 ± 0.002

0.052 ± 0.005

Glycerol/biomass (mmol/g_x)

11.3 ± 0.55

1.99 ± 0.07

1.86 ± 0.07

9.08 ± 0.06

5.05 ± 0.20

3.12 ± 0.25

Electron recoveries (%)

100–101

98–98

100–101

101–102

100–101

100–100