Upgrading dilute ethanol to odd-chain carboxylic acids by a synthetic co-culture of Anaerotignum neopropionicum and Clostridium kluyveri

Table 3 Growth-related parameters of C. kluyveri batch growth with ethanol (120 mM) plus the indicated SCCA

Electron acceptor (E/CA)	Lag phase (h)	μ (h⁻¹)	Y_X (g CDW mol ethanol⁻¹)
Acetate 100 Mm (1.2)	17^a	0.122 ± 0.003	0.59 ± 0.03
Acetate 50 mM (2.4)	17^a	0.112 ± 0.005	0.83 ± 0.09
Acetate 50 mM + Propionate 50 mM (1.2)	17^a	0.109 ± 0.007	0.75 ± 0.10
Propionate 100 mM (1.2)	66	0.071 ± 0.002	0.24 ± 0.03
Propionate 50 mM (2.4)	60	0.065 ± 0.006	0.33 ± 0.06

E/CA ethanol:carboxylic acid ratio (mol/mol). ^aThe first sample was taken after 17 h, when cells were already exponentially growing (Additional file 1: Fig. S4). Therefore, the lag phase in these cultures was likely to be < 17 h

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