Fig. 3

Whole-cell bioconversion of PCA into PDC catalyzed by different ABC whole-cell biocatalysts. Time courses of PCA (A) and PDC (B) concentrations catalyzed by different biocatalysts. The reactions were conducted in 100 mL shake flasks with 10 mL M9 medium, 5 OD₆₀₀ of whole-cell biocatalyst, 5 g/L PCA and incubated at 37 °C and 250 rpm. E. coli BL21(DE3) strain transformed with pRSFDuet-1 plasmid was used as the negative control (CK). All data and standard errors were derived from three independent biological replicates