Fig. 1
Schematic diagram of light-driven cofactor regeneration for biotransformation using PNSB. Upon excitation by the absorption of light or by energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes, the photosynthetic reaction center reduces ubiquinone (Q) to ubiquinol (QH2). Cytochrome bc1 complexes (Cyt bc1) oxidize QH2 and transfer protons (H+) across the membrane generating the proton motive force. As a result, ATP and NADH are, respectively, produced by F0F1-ATP synthase (ATPase) and NADH: quinone oxidoreductase (NHQO). The dotted arrow shows the path of cyclic electron transfer chain from the photosynthetic reaction center to ubiquinone, to Cyt bc1, and to soluble Cyt c2. The enzymes (E1–E3) catalyze the reactions wherein the substrate gets transformed to the product with an expense of the cofactors ATP and NADH from anoxygenic photosynthesis. LH-RC: light harvesting complexes and photosynthetic reaction center