Fig. 5

IME improved tolerance to inhibitory organic acids and production of organic acids. a IME had improved tolerance to organic acids. Growth curves were recorded in MOPS + 2% glucose medium with different inhibitors in a clear bottom 96-well plate at 37 °C with an initial pH 7.0. Error bars indicate standard deviation of at least three biological replicates. b IME had improved tolerance to 3-HP and increased 3-HP production. Both control and IME strains with pTrc99a-dhaB-aldH plasmid were cultivated in MOPS + 2% (w/v) glycerol medium in shake flasks at 37 °C, initial pH 7.0 for 48 h. c IME showed improved tolerance to octanoic acid and increased fatty acids production. Both strains with pXZ18Z plasmid harboring the genes encoding RcTE and E. coli 3-hydroxy-acyl-ACP dehydratase (FabZ) were cultivated in MOPS + 2% (w/v) glucose medium in shake flasks at 30 °C, initial pH 7.0 for 48 h. Error bars indicate standard deviation of at least three biological replicates. 3-HPA, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde; 3-HP, 3-hydroxypropionate; DhaB, glycerol dehydratase; AldH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; RcTE, Ricinus communis thioesterase. FabZ, 3-hydroxy-acyl-ACP dehydratase