Fig. 2

Introduction of sadh in M. thermoacetica. A Schematic representation of plasmid construction and sadh introduction in place of pduL2. B Agarose gel electrophoresis following PCR amplification of the pduL2 region of the host and a recombinant strain. M, DNA size marker; 1, the pduL2::sadh strain; 2, the ∆pyrF strain. The size of the amplified region was shifted to 2.6 kb in the pduL2::sadh strain, consistent with the DNA construct, which was originally 0.9 kb in the ∆pyrF strain. C A plausible metabolic pathway showing cofactor supply for ethanol production from hexose. Reducing equivalents NADH and reduced Fd were converted into NADPH via enzymatic electron confurcation. NADPH is a cofactor for Sadh. D Culture profile of the pduL2::sadh strain supplemented with fructose as the substrate. E Acetone supplementation to the culture of the pduL2::sadh strain. The condition was the same as in D. Data are presented as the mean with SDs of two biological replicates in D, E. Most error bars are smaller than the symbols of data plots