Fig. 1

Model structures of hydroxycinnamic acids, feruloylated plant cell wall polysaccharides and the site of attack by the carbohydrate-active enzymes (modified from [8, 15]). a p-coumaric acid, b caffeic acid, c ferulic acid, d sinapic acid, e feruloylated glucuronoarabinoxylan, f feruloylated pectic rhamnogalacturonan I, g 8,5′-(benzofuran)-diferulic acid, h 8,5′-diferulic acid, i 5,5′-diferulic acid, j 8,4′-diferulic acid, k 8,8′-diferulic acid, l 8,8′-(aryl)-diferulic acid. ABF α-arabinofuranosidase; ABN endoarabinanase; ABX exoarabinanase; AXE acetyl xylan esterase; BXL β-1,4-xylosidase; FAE feruloyl esterase; GAL β-1,4-endogalactanase; GUS α-glucuronidase; LAC β-1,4-galactosidase; RGAE rhamnogalacturonan acetyl esterase; RGL rhamnogalacturonan lyase; RGX exorhamnogalacturonase; RHG endorhamnogalacturonase; XLN β-1,4-endoxylanase