Fig. 1

Growth curves of mutant strains at 42 °C under different concentrations of ethanol. Overnight cultures were diluted with YPD medium to reach an initial OD₆₀₀ of 0.20. These cell suspensions were aliquoted in triplicates into a sterile 96-well plate with 200 μL in each well and incubated at 42 °C in a microplate reader to measure the growth curves. Values are means and standard deviations (n = 3)