Fig. 6

Overview of lipid remodeling in yeast during acid adaptation, where heavy arrows indicate enhanced biosynthesis. Model created from the data available for S. cerevisiae. Abbreviations used for major metabolic intermediates are: G3P glycerol-3-phosphate, CDP-DAG cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol, TAGs triacylglycerols, STEs steryl esters, PA phosphatidic acid, PC phosphatidylcholine, CL cardiolipin, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, PI phosphatidylinositol, PS phosphatidylserine, ES ergosterol, FFA free fatty acids, LC-FAs long-chain fatty acids, MC-FAs medium-chain fatty acids. Key gene names refer to the following encoded enzymatic activities: SCT glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, SLC LPA acyltransferase, ACC acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ARE acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase, DGA acyl-CoA:DAG acyltransferase, FAS fatty acid synthetase, LRO phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, MFE multifunctional enzyme, PAP phosphatidate phosphatase, FAA fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, PIS phosphatidylinositol synthase, PSS phosphatidylserine synthase, PSD phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, EKI ethanolamine kinase, CKI choline kinase, ERG1 squalene epoxidase, ERG6 squalene reductase, POT thiolase, POX acyl-CoA oxidase, PXA peroxisomal acyl-CoA transporter, TGL triacylglycerol lipase. The changes in the expression levels of several key genes (inside the dark blue box) were verified by qPCR. The arrows with dashed lines indicate that multiple reactions are involved in the corresponding synthetic pathway