Changes in lipid metabolism convey acid tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Table 1 Effects of weak acids on the growth of S. cerevisiae under aerobic conditions

	Control	Acetic acid	Cinnamic acid	Formic acid	Levulinic acid
pKa	N/A	4.79	4.44	3.75	4.66
LogP^a	N/A	− 0.17	2.13	− 0.54	− 0.49
Concentration (mM)	0	180	0.7	180	260
Undissociated acid (mM)	0	68.7	0.15	10.0	79.0
Adaptation phase Glc. (h)	0	32	4	24	48
μ_max-glc (h⁻¹)	0.41 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01
Yx/s (g-DCW/g-glc)	0.15 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.00	0.07 ± 0.01
Adaptation phase EtOH. (h)	0	60	N/A	32	54

N/A not available, Glc glucose, EtOH ethanol
^aLogP, the lipophilic tendency given by the partition coefficient octanol–water (P)

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