Fig. 1
From: Engineering Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius for direct utilisation of holocellulose from wheat straw
Engineering G. thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 for utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass. a The endoglucanase (CtCelA/CbCelA) acts on the low-crystallinity part of the cellulose fibre and create free chain-ends. The exoglucanases (Cel6B/CbCelA) then degrade the sugar chain by removing cellobiose units (dimers of glucose) from the free chain-ends. The released cellobiose units are finally hydrolyzed by β-glucosidases (CglT), releasing glucose. b The schematic illustrations of two strains, BZ9 and BZ10 containing chromosomally integrated cglT (β-1,4-glucosidase) gene from Thermoanaerobacter brockii. Strain BZ9 has a synthetic cellulosomal operon comprising CtcelA (Endoglucanase A) gene from Clostridium thermocellum, Ribosome binding site (RBS), Signal peptide (SP) and cel6B (Exoglucanase) from Thermobifida fusca heterologously expressed on a replicating plasmid having two origin of replications for Gram-negative (−ve rep) and Gram-positive (+ve Rep) bacteria under the constitutive strong promoter Pldh. Strain BZ10 contains CbcelA (cellulase comprises a glycoside hydrolase family 9 and a family 48 catalytic domain) gene from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii on a replicating plasmid