Fig. 1

Enhanced biomass formation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants having DX15::PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB3 construct. Growth and biomass formation were analyzed using 50-day soil-grown plants. a Overall growth phenotypes of transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared to wild-type (WT) plants. Representative photographs of five independent T3 homozygous transgenic lines (1–1, 3–2, 4–5, 5–2, and 6–2) are shown together with WT plants. b Expression of PdGA20ox1-2A-PtrMYB3 transcripts in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. RT-qPCR was performed using cDNA templates generated from stem total RNAs. AtActin8 was used as the internal quantitative control. c Increase in plant biomass in transgenic Arabidopsis plants compared to WT plants. Both stem length (upper) and stem fresh weight (lower) were measured. Error bars indicate S.D. (n = 3). d Quantification of cell wall thickness. Error bars indicate S.E. (n = 3, 150 cells per plant). e Histological analyses of stem tissue. Rosette level inflorescent stems from transgenic Arabidopsis plants (line 4–5) and WT plants were cross sectioned and stained with toluidine blue O. Interfascicular fiber cells were visualized. Scale bars indicate 25 µm. Unpaired Student’s t-test, P-value * (P < 0.05), ** (P < 0.01), *** (P < 0.001)