Fig. 1

Central metabolism and isoprenol production pathways in P. putida. Isoprenol production pathways, including the MEP pathway, the original MVA pathway, and the IPP-bypass MVA pathway are presented and the key engineering efforts to overexpress or knockout genes are presented in red. G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; FBP, fructose-1,6-diphosphate; G3P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; 3PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 2 KG, 2-ketoglutarate; MVA, mevalonate; MVAP, mevalonate phosphate; MVAPP, mevalonate diphosphate; IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate; IP, isopentenyl phosphate; PHA, polyhydroxyalkanoate; MK, mevalonate kinase; PMK, phosphomevalonate kinase; PMD, phosphomevalonate decarboxylase; NudB, dihydroneopterin triphosphate diphosphatase. MvaES, HMGS and HMGR genes from Enterococcus faecalis; phaABC, PHA synthase